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ADHD Medications – What Are the Side Effects? Many people suffering from ADHD take medication for the condition. It can ease symptoms, but it can also cause side effects. If you experience any adverse effects, speak to your GP about them. Stimulants are the most commonly prescribed type of prescription medication that healthcare doctors prescribe for ADHD. These medications boost the levels of brain chemicals, also known as neurotransmitters, that regulate the behavior and attention. Methylphenidate Methylphenidate, a stimulant of first choice for treating ADHD in children and adults is the most frequently prescribed medication. It works by increasing activity in the parts of the brain that help control attention and behaviour. Methylphenidate is also used to treat other ailments such as narcolepsy. It can help those suffering from narcolepsy stay awake during the day and improve their ability to concentrate and pay attention. This medication can have a high potential for abuse and is classified as a Schedule II drug by the US Drug Enforcement Agency. Following the exact dosage prescribed can reduce the potential for abuse as well as other adverse effects. Methylphenidate may cause psychotic symptoms in some people. It can also increase the severity of behavior and tics for some people with Tourette syndrome or bipolar disorder. Before beginning this medication, those suffering from these conditions must inform their doctor. It is important to inform your doctor if you have any other health issues or are allergic to any food or dyes (such as tartrazine, a yellow dye found in some processed foods and in some medications and Adhansia XR). Methylphenidate may interact with certain medications, including opioids, antidepressants and monamine oxide inhibitors. These include isocarboxazid linezolid, methylene blue rasagiline, Emsam, Zelapar, or the tranylcypromine. It's also important to stay clear of alcohol and other stimulant substances when taking methylphenidate. They can have a negative effect on your blood pressure and heart rate. The immediate-release methylphenidate tablets (Ritalin) and chewable tablets with long-acting properties and the long-acting oral disintegrating capsule (Quillichew ER and Cotempla XR-ODT) contain phenylalanine. It can be dangerous if you have a genetic condition called phenylketonuria (PKU). Bupropion Bupropion is an antidepressant medicine that works within the brain to improve mood and decrease symptoms of ADHD. It can also be used to treat depression and seasonal affective disorder (SAD), a type of depression that occurs in the fall and winter months. It can also aid smokers in quitting by reducing the craving for nicotine and withdrawal effects. Numerous studies on adults have demonstrated that bupropion helps improve ADHD symptoms compared to placebo. The fixed-effect RR pooled for week-6 improvement (using a clinically meaningful change of 30% or more on the CGI scale) is 1.14 (95 percent of the interval 0.95 to 1.37) and for the overall response, the proportion of improved subjects was 52 percent in the bupropion group compared with 37% in the placebo group. Bupropion may cause serious and sometimes life-threatening interactions with several different drugs, including sedatives antidepressants and some blood pressure medications. It may also increase the risk of seizures in those who have seizures or high blood pressure. It is contraindicated in certain medical conditions and women who are nursing or pregnant are not advised to take it. Bupropion can be found in the brand-name medication Wellbutrin SR, Wellbutrin XL, Zyban, Budeprion SR, Aplenzin, and Forfivo XL. It is also available in generic form. Tricyclic antidepressants Tricyclic antidepressants (abbreviated TCAs) are a class of drugs that alter brain chemicals. They were among the first antidepressants to be developed, and although they are no longer the first-line treatment for depression, they can still be beneficial for people suffering from other conditions. They work by inhibiting the reuptake of dopamine, serotonin, and noradrenaline, thereby increasing their levels in neurons. They can be employed to treat a range of other conditions, including enuresis, pain syndromes such as fibromyalgia, and the phantom-limb syndrome. TCAs are effective in treating ADHD symptoms, regardless of whether they are prescribed alone or in combination with stimulants. They can alleviate symptoms that are core to the disorder, and can decrease anxiety, depression and impulsiveness. They may also help manage tics. They are uncontrollable repetitive movements or sounds such as the sound of a throat clearing or blinking. TCAs can trigger side effects, including dry mouth, sedation and constipation. They also increase the risk of heart problems. These medications can interfere with other medications, such as anticholinergics and should not be used by women who are pregnant. These medications can also cause teratogenic effects on animals and they can cross the placenta. If you are concerned consult your physician because there are newer antidepressants that have a lower side-effects profile. Selective serotonin Reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) The SSRIs are a class of medications that inhibit serotonin reuptake within neurons and help increase the amount of serotonin available to signal. They also help reduce anxiety and impulsive behavior. They are often used as adhd medication since they can improve symptoms in some people and can be helpful in conjunction with other medications. SSRIs include fluoxetine, sertraline paroxetine and citalopram. They have linear pharmacokinetics, and have a low clearance from the human body. However they are extensively metabolized by CYP450 enzymes in the liver. This causes varying blood concentrations. These drugs can also be prescribed to treat other disorders, such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), generalized anxiety disorder, and bulimia nervosa. The SSRIs fluoxetine and escitalopram and sertraline are able to reduce PTSD primary symptoms. They don't appear to be effective in treating other PTSD symptoms. The SSRIs can cause an uncommon side effect that can cause sexual dysfunction. It is essential to discuss this with your doctor if you are thinking about taking one of these medications. add medication adult need to test various types of ADHD medication before they find the one that works for them. The medications are constantly being developed and researched. It is also crucial to disclose all the medications you take to your doctor. Selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs). If stimulant drugs don't work for adults suffering from ADHD doctors prescribe an inhibitor of selective norepinephrine reuptake (SNRI). These drugs increase the levels of two brain chemicals called norepinephrine and serotonin. They also improve mood and reduce depression and anxiety. SNRIs have similar negative effects to TCAs however, they are more secure. They are utilized for many conditions including anxiety disorders, chronic pain like fibromyalgia, and nerve pain. They can also be employed as an adjunct treatment for depression. Examples of SNRIs are duloxetine (Cymbalta) and venlafaxine (Effexor). These drugs work by preventing the reabsorption (reuptake) of norepinephrine which is a natural reaction in the brain following neurotransmission. This results in a higher than normal the phasic release of norepinephrine. The increased levels of norepinephrine enhances mood and focus. SNRIs aren't approved by the FDA for treating ADHD However, some doctors prescribe them as an alternative stimulant. They are usually taken orally in the form of pills, however, they can also be taken as liquids or patches. The FDA approved an oral SNRI called viloxazine, or Qelbree, to treat ADHD in adolescents and children in April 2021. It doesn't have a potential for abuse so it isn't classified as a controlled substance. Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) SNRIs are antidepressants that affect the levels of serotonin and norepinephrine within the brain. They are prescribed for anxiety and depression disorders, but can also help control ADHD symptoms. Numerous studies have demonstrated that SNRI medications, including venlafaxine and duloxetine, can significantly reduce the score of various ADHD questionnaires. However, SNRIs can increase a person's blood pressure and could interact with certain medications. Therefore, it is essential to consult a physician before taking these drugs. Furthermore, improperly discarded medication can harm people and animals, so it is important to follow proper disposal instructions. SSRIs and SNRIs are not approved by the FDA to treat ADHD however, doctors are able to prescribe them off-label. They are safe and effective, and have less adverse effects than stimulants. Consult your doctor and discuss the symptoms of your child. SNRIs are not suitable for all people. For instance women who are pregnant or breastfeeding should not take SNRIs as they could be absorbed into breast milk. Also, they should not be used by those who suffer from high blood pressure, liver problems or other cardiovascular issues. Selective dopamine Reuptake Inhibitors (DARPIs). Many people with ADHD find medication helps them increase their concentration and focus. They may also experience reduced impulsive behaviors. Medication is usually combined with behavioral therapy and training, which help people get control of their symptoms. It takes time to find the right medication and dose for each person. In this period doctors will observe the physical reactions of patients to find the right balance between the effects of side effects and the benefits. Stimulant medications, such as methylphenidate, boost the activity of certain brain chemicals that regulate memory and attention. They are generally safe and beneficial for the majority of people, however, they may have serious side consequences, such as decreased appetite and trouble sleeping. These side effects usually subside after a couple of days as your body adapts to the medication. Children and adults can also use non-stimulant drugs. They take longer to start working, but they do enhance concentration and impulse control. These include alpha-2-adrenergic antagonists (atomoxetine and viloxazine), as well as the guanfacine. Antidepressants also help treat ADHD. They can increase norepinephrine which is a neurotransmitter found in the brain that aids in mood swings and depression. Bupropion is an example of an antidepressant employed to treat ADHD. It was originally prescribed “off-label” for ADHD, but drugmakers eventually came up with extended-release versions, and the FDA approved the drug as a treatment for this condition.